Emergencies at sea

Three questions on emergencies.

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Fire and water

Fire tetrahedron: fuel, oxidiser, activation energy and chain reaction. Smothering removes oxygen; cooling removes heat.

Salty and cold: a leak. Salty and warm: engine cooling. An espiche plugs round holes.

Night signals: light. Day signals: smoke. The Radio-Medical Centre runs 24 hours a day.

Activities

• EmergenciesFire, flooding, person overboard: one decision after another.
• ProceduresDistress call, helicopter and anchoring, step by step.
• Decisions on boardFire, leaks, person overboard and more.
• VHF radio & distressMAYDAY, PAN-PAN, MAYDAY RELAY, SÉCURITÉ, DSC DISTRESS button, English Mayday audio and Channels 16, 70 and 9.

Questions in this unit

• Mark the INCORRECT option on using hand flares:
• Before calling Radio-Medical, what is the urgent action for external bleeding aboard?
• In case of a leak in the boat, what urgent measures must be taken?
• If you must jump into the water when abandoning a boat, in general you should:
• The feedback process once a fire has started, a series of self-sustaining chemical reactions giving heat and flammable gases, is called:
• If a leak occurs in a boat’s bilge, we must at once:
• After a collision:
• If a leak is found aboard, you must at once:
• On refloating a grounded leisure boat:
• Faced with a first-degree burn over 30% of a person’s body, including face, neck or hands, aboard a leisure boat, you must:
• If fire breaks out on board, what must NOT be done?
• If someone aboard has internal bleeding after an accident, how should you act?
• Which points of a boat carry the greatest risk of a leak?
• When abandoning our boat, when should pyrotechnic signals be used?
• In a fire on board, what is meant by “socairear” the fire?
• For a nosebleed, what should be done first to stop the bleeding?
• If you find a leak in your boat, what must you NOT do?
• Immediately after a collision, what must NOT be done?
• What are class B fires?
• If someone has burns with no airway injury from inhalation, which can NOT be treated aboard and need evacuation to hospital?
• If a large fire we cannot control breaks out aft, the general advice is:
• When we put out a fire by smothering, we remove:
• What characterises venous bleeding?
• The theory explaining the four elements needed for fire is the:
• We have run aground and have a leak. What can we do to stop the boat flooding?
• In a collision the other boat’s bow is embedded in our side. What must we NOT do?
• Burns are considered serious:
• After a collision it is unwise to separate the two boats without first assessing the situation. For that it is important to:
• General measures for a bruise, especially a mild one, include:
• Class “A” fires are:
• What criterion does the UNE classification use to define fire classes and choose the best extinguishing agent?
• Under the fire tetrahedron, which elements must be present for fire to start?
• If you find water in the bilge, you should:
• If a leak occurs aboard:
• With sunstroke or heatstroke, the casualty should:
• What is the first thing to do after a collision?
• Bruises (contusions) are injuries caused by:
• To put out a fire by removing heat we use the method of:
• On refloating a leisure boat aground on mud:
• The UNE classification of fires is based on:
• Extinguishing a fire by breaking the chain reaction is called:
• Which measure is generally counterproductive after a collision?
• After an accident causing first-degree burns over 25% of the body, with no inhalation injury, you must:
• If you must abandon a boat and float in the water:
• Fires of wood, cardboard, paper and the like are classed as:
• Once the decision to abandon the boat is taken, a Digital Selective Call is made on
• Leaks are characterised by occurring:
• According to the Social Marine Institute’s Medical Guide, how often should a tourniquet on a bleeding casualty be loosened?
• When do we abandon the boat?
• In a leak, among the first measures are:
• Mark the correct statement on personal injuries and their first aid on board:
• When is water the best extinguishing agent?
• What is meant by “socairear” the fire?
• Class D fires are those involving:
• After running aground by accident, what is the first measure?
• If you find a leak and cannot stop the water coming in, what do you do first?
• If someone is burned on board, what must NOT be done?
• When aground, to refloat under your own means using the tide, wait for:
• If fire breaks out in the fuel tank, which agent is best?
• What should be done first in a collision?
• When aground, when might rocking the boat from side to side help?
• Measures to take before abandoning the boat:
• In arterial bleeding:
• Putting out a fire on board by removing oxygen is called:
• To get off after running aground, it is advisable to:
• Combustion without flame occurs when:
• A fire involving flammable liquids belongs to:
• After a collision, the other boat’s bow is embedded in our side. What should we do?
• We have a leak. What can we do to stop the boat flooding?
• When a fire is put out by smothering:
• In a fire on board, we manoeuvre so that:
• When making a radio-medical consultation we bear in mind that:
• Damage to part of the body from a hard blow, with no bleeding, is:
• A burn is second degree when:
• If fire breaks out on board, what must NOT be done?
• Blood escaping from veins or arteries is:
• On which class of fire may water be used as extinguishing agent?
• To measure the extent of an adult’s burn, the palm of the hand can be taken as:
• After grounding on rocks, the first check will be:
• Pyrotechnic signals should be fired from:
• If we need medical advice while under way, we should contact:
• Under the UNE fire classification, which statement is correct?
• To prevent fires and explosions, the risk areas are:
• The conical wooden wedge that can be used as an emergency measure to plug a round leak is called:
• After an accidental grounding, the first thing is to…
• In a collision, our bow has embedded itself in the side of the other boat. What should we do?
• Class F fires correspond to:
• Class B fires are:
• If we have to abandon our boat, when and how should a smoke signal be used?
• The first measure to take when abandoning ship is:
• In an emergency, the boat should preferably be abandoned from:
• What course do we set for the apparent wind to be zero:
• In a fire, the most common oxidiser is:
• If an extinguisher is suitable, according to its instructions, for a class “B” fire, we will use it on a fire of:
• Which extinguishing agent must be ruled out, as dangerous, for a fire in a boat’s electrical installation?
• Where do leaks most often occur on a boat?
• During our passage we have grounded on a sandy bottom. What could we do to come off?
• If we remove heat to lower the temperature of the fuel, we are putting out a fire by…
• For the immediate treatment of any burn you must:
• A haemorrhage is blood loss through a pierced blood vessel. When the blood is dark and flows continuously it is:
• If we have a fire involving burning oil, which extinguishing agent is NOT advisable?
• If we have to stay in cold water after abandoning ship, it is best to:
• To stop a haemorrhage in a limb:
• If we are in a liferaft and may be seen by means of pyrotechnic signals, the signals will be used:
• The fire extinguishing mechanism that aims to remove the chain reaction is called:
• In the event of a leak, the first measures will be:
• If you had to abandon the boat with no liferaft available, what is the best way to proceed?:
• To put out a fire by removing oxygen we use:
• A fire from flammable gases is:
• If aground on a soft bottom (mud or sand), to get off we must:
• Among general measures for a contusion, especially a mild one, what is NOT included?
• We identify venous bleeding because the blood:
• What is an espiche?
• Class B fires are those with a fuel that is:
• In an emergency, pyrotechnic signals are used:
• If we run aground, the first measures are:
• To get off after running aground we must make sure:
• How to contact the Spanish Radio-Medical service by radio or mobile phone:
• To make a radio-medical consultation:
• A fire of solid fuels, usually organic, normally burning with embers, belongs to class:
• Fires whose fuel is a gas at normal pressure and temperature are classed as:
• Mark the INCORRECT statement about abandoning the boat and staying in the water:
• The fire tetrahedron theory:
• To stop bleeding from an arm, first:
• Mark the correct statement on personal injuries:
• Mark the INCORRECT statement on personal injuries and urgent treatment aboard:
• Mark the INCORRECT statement on steps before abandoning the boat:
• Mark the CORRECT statement on preventing fires and explosions in risk areas:
• If we find a leak in the bilge:
• Smothering is the extinguishing method that removes, from the fire tetrahedron:
• Class “F” fires are:
• If fire breaks out at sea and there is wind, how should we act?
• What is a plug (espiche)?
• The fire-fighting method that removes oxygen is:
• If we are in a liferaft at night and hear aircraft in the area, what is the best thing to do?
• If you find water on board that is salty and warm, what should you do?
• The Spanish Radio-Medical Service operates:
• In arterial bleeding, the tourniquet is applied:
• What are the features of arterial bleeding?:
• What elements form the so-called fire tetrahedron?